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Morse Code Translator

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Translate text to Morse code and back, with audio playback.

Morse Code Translator
.... . .-.. .-.. --- / .-- --- .-. .-.. -..
15
A.-
B-...
C-.-.
D-..
E.
F..-.
G--.
H....
I..
J.---
K-.-
L.-..
M--
N-.
O---
P.--.
Q--.-
R.-.
S...
T-
U..-
V...-
W.--
X-..-
Y-.--
Z--..
Try:
This tool runs entirely in your browser. Your input is never uploaded, logged, or sent to AllDevToolsHub or anyone else, and it keeps working offline once the page has loaded.

Type text to get Morse output, or tap dots and dashes to decode. Press play to hear the audio.

Overview

What is Morse Code Translator?

Convert text to International Morse Code or decode Morse back to text. Features adjustable WPM Web Audio playback, a full letter/digit reference, and easy swap.
FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

Reference

Technical Deep Dive

ENCODERS & DECODERS

Morse Code Translator

Convert any text to International Morse Code (dots and dashes) or decode Morse back to text. Features audio playback using the Web Audio API with adjustable speed (WPM), a quick reference chart for all letters and digits, and bidirectional swap.

🧬

Spec-Compliant

Follows the RFC or de-facto encoding rules, no custom dialects, no surprises.

🔄

Lossless Round-Trip

Encode then decode and you get back exactly what you put in, byte for byte.

📡

Handles Edge Cases

Unicode, padding, invalid input, surfaced clearly instead of silently mangling output.

01 Timing & Speed Matrix

Element Duration (Units) Example (at 20 WPM) Standard Formula
Dot1 Unit60 ms60s / (50 * WPM)
Dash3 Units180 ms3 * Dot Duration
Intra-Character1 Unit60 ms1 * Dot Duration (Space)
Inter-Character3 Units180 ms3 * Dot Duration (Space)
Inter-Word7 Units420 ms7 * Dot Duration (Space)

02 Translation & Audio Pipeline

1
Lexical Mapping The input text is normalized and mapped character-by-character to the ITU-R Morse dictionary, handling prosigns as unique tokens.
2
Oscillator Scheduling The Web Audio oscillator computes precise start/stop times for each dot and dash based on the target Words Per Minute (WPM) setting.
3
Signal Reification The resulting audio buffer is synthesized into a sinusoidal wave, while the visual dots and dashes are streamed to the output buffer.

03 When You Reach for Morse

Morse code is still in active use in 2026, just not where most people expect. Amateur radio operators, pilots, and accessibility designers all rely on it. It is the wrong tool whenever a richer modulation is available.

  • 📻
    Amateur radio CW operation CW (continuous wave) is the most bandwidth-efficient mode on HF. A 50 Hz CW signal punches through QRM that drowns out SSB voice on 40m or 20m. ARRL contests, DXpeditions, and POTA activations still log thousands of CW QSOs every weekend at 20–30 WPM.
  • ✈️
    Aviation NDB and VOR identifiers Non-directional beacons and VOR stations transmit their three-letter identifier in slow Morse on the audio sub-carrier. A pilot tuned to 113.20 listening for -.- ... ..- (KSU) confirms they're navigating the right beacon before trusting the needle.
  • Single-switch accessibility input People with severe motor disabilities can compose text using a single dot/dash switch, short press for dit, long press for dah. iOS Switch Control and Android's Tecla have built-in Morse keyboards because the input bandwidth is achievable with one reliable muscle group.
  • ⚠️
    Emergency signalling and SOS The maritime distress signal ... --- ... was retired in 1999 in favour of GMDSS, but it is still universally recognised. A flashlight or whistle keying SOS works when no radio gear is available, just remember it is signalled as one continuous prosign, not three letters.
  • 🚫
    Modern data transmission For HF digital traffic, FT8, JS8Call, and PSK31 carry orders of magnitude more information per Hz. Morse is human-readable at 20 WPM; a modem is not. Use Morse where the human in the loop is the point.

04 Worked Examples

EXAMPLE 1 · SOS WITH FULL TIMING
Letters and gaps written out at 20 WPM (1 unit = 60 ms):
S    →  . . .          (dit-dit-dit)

gap → three units (inter-letter)
O → - - - (dah-dah-dah)
gap → three units (inter-letter)
S → . . . (dit-dit-dit)


As a true prosign (no inter-letter gaps, what you actually send):

. . . - - - . . .
dit dit dit dah dah dah dit dit dit
| 1| 1| 1| 3 | 3 | 3 | 1| 1| 1
intra-element gap = 1 unit between each
total duration: 19 units = 1.14 s at 20 WPM

The "S-O-S" you see written is shorthand. On the air it is one continuous nine-element prosign, that's why it is unmistakable even through severe interference.




EXAMPLE 2 · COMMON PROSIGNS

Procedural signals every CW op recognises:

AR  ·-·-·     "end of message"     (~over)
SK ···-·- "end of contact" (clear)
BT -···- "break" / paragraph (separator)
KN -·--· "go ahead, named station only"
SOS ···---··· distress prosign

Used in real traffic like:

CQ CQ DE W1AW W1AW K
... message ...
73 AR SK

Prosigns are sent as a single unit, no inter-letter gap inside the prosign, but full inter-letter gap before and after. They function as the punctuation of CW.




EXAMPLE 3 · WHY E AND T ARE THE SHORTEST

Code lengths versus letter frequency in English:

E  ·          1 element  (12.7% of letters)
T - 1 element ( 9.1%)
A ·- 2 elements ( 8.2%)
I ·· 2 elements ( 7.0%)
N -· 2 elements ( 6.7%)
...
Q --·- 4 elements ( 0.1%)
J ·--- 4 elements ( 0.2%)

Bandwidth-saving result:

average characters per English letter ≈ 2.4 elements
(near-optimal prefix code, 70 years before Huffman)

Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail counted letters in a Philadelphia newspaper's type case to assign codes. The result is a hand-crafted prefix code that's within a few percent of Shannon-optimal for English, a remarkable engineering instinct.




05 Related Tools

Morse sits next to other "classical" encodings and to text-handling utilities a radio operator or hobbyist tends to keep open.

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